Describe the production route and manufacturing pathway of a biologic
Please describe the production route and manufacturing pathway of a biologic in a short presentation. (5 minutes) Most drugs are small. Aspirin, for instance, is made up of just 21 atoms.
Describe the production route and manufacturing pathway of a biologic
Please describe the production route and manufacturing pathway of a biologic in a short presentation. (5 minutes)
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Most drugs are small. Aspirin, for instance, is made up of just 21 atoms. Small drugs like aspirin provide the majority of global revenue for brand-name drug companies. But finding new small-molecule drugs keeps getting harder, and generic drug manufacturers are quick to compete with brand-name firms once patents expire.
As a result, drug companies are increasingly turning to very large drugs: biologics produced by living cells.
In terms of size and rough complexity, if an aspirin were a bicycle, a small biologic would be a Toyota Prius, and a large biologic would be an F-16 fighter jet.
Biologics provide promising new avenues for doctors to better treat patients, and—not coincidentally—for drug companies to profit.
But making biologics is more complex than making small-molecule drugs, and that complexity raises serious challenges for innovation and competition policy in the biopharmaceutical industry.
Biologics represent attractive investment opportunities for drug companies. Spending on small-molecule drugs is close to stagnant, especially in developed countries.
In contrast, annual global spending on biologics was $93 billion in 2006, rose 69% to $157 billion in 2011, and is expect ed to rise another 30%, to between $200 billion and $210 billion in 2016.
In the United States, percentage expenditures on biologics will be even more substantial.
Indeed, some health care industry analysts predict that in the United States so-called specialty drugs—a category that overlaps substantially with biologics—will represent half of annual prescription drug spending by 2020.
To some extent, the money reflects changes in medicine: Biologics represent many of the most prominent, and promising, new treatments for cancer and other major diseases.